Rewrite d3 wrapper to work with current version of d3.js and be better in general

[emilydolson]

This is the pull request for Elizabeth and Oliver's WAVES project, in which they are re-writing the d3 wrapper from the ground up to make it work with the new version of d3 while also making a variety of other improvements along the way.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 78.51576% with 634 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 82.64%. Comparing base (223f54c) to head (f13b4b8).
⚠️ Report is 2350 commits behind head on master.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
include/emp/web/d3/selection.hpp	30.29%	168 Missing ⚠️
include/emp/web/d3/svg_shapes.hpp	6.85%	163 Missing ⚠️
include/emp/web/d3/scales.hpp	66.81%	153 Missing ⚠️
include/emp/web/d3/transition.hpp	0.00%	120 Missing ⚠️
include/emp/web/d3/d3_init.hpp	69.76%	13 Missing ⚠️
include/emp/web/js_utils.hpp	50.00%	7 Missing ⚠️
include/emp/web/CanvasShape.hpp	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
include/emp/web/d3/axis.hpp	98.71%	2 Missing ⚠️
tests/web/d3/selection.cpp	98.27%	2 Missing ⚠️
tests/web/d3/shapes.cpp	95.45%	2 Missing ⚠️
... and 2 more

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master     #295      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   82.96%   82.64%   -0.33%     
==========================================
  Files         306      319      +13     
  Lines       37356    40565    +3209     
==========================================
+ Hits        30994    33526    +2532     
- Misses       6362     7039     +677     

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