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4 changes: 3 additions & 1 deletion standard/classes.md
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# 15 Classes

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## 15.1 General

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A class is a data structure that may contain data members (constants and fields), function members (methods, properties, events, indexers, operators, instance constructors, finalizers, and static constructors), and nested types. Class types support inheritance, a mechanism whereby a ***derived class*** can extend and specialize a ***base class***.

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Structs ([§16](structs.md#16-structs)) and interfaces ([§19](interfaces.md#19-interfaces)) have members similar to classes but with certain restrictions. This clause defines the declarations for classes and class members. The clauses for structs and interfaces define the restrictions for those types in terms of the corresponding declarations in class types.

## 15.2 Class declarations

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### 15.2.1 General

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A *class_declaration* is a *type_declaration* ([§14.7](namespaces.md#147-type-declarations)) that declares a new class.

```ANTLR
class_declaration

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: non_record_class_declaration
| record_class_declaration

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;

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non_record_class_declaration

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: attributes? class_modifier* 'partial'? 'class' identifier
type_parameter_list? class_base? type_parameter_constraints_clause*
class_body
;
```

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There are two kinds of class: ***non-record class***, as declared by *non_record_class_declaration*, and ***record class***, as declared by *record_class_declaration*. A non-record class is the kind of class that C# has supported since the language’s inception. Record classes were added much later and are discussed in [§15.16](classes.md#1516-record-classes). The differences between the two kinds are discussed in [§15.17](classes.md#1517-record-class-and-non-record-class-differences).

A *non_record_class_declaration* consists of an optional set of *attributes* ([§23](attributes.md#23-attributes)), followed by an optional set of *class_modifier*s ([§15.2.2](classes.md#1522-class-modifiers)), followed by an optional `partial` modifier ([§15.2.7](classes.md#1527-partial-type-declarations)), followed by the keyword `class` and an *identifier* that names the class, followed by an optional *type_parameter_list* ([§15.2.3](classes.md#1523-type-parameters)), followed by an optional *class_base* specification ([§15.2.4](classes.md#1524-class-base-specification)), followed by an optional set of *type_parameter_constraints_clause*s ([§15.2.5](classes.md#1525-type-parameter-constraints)), followed by a *class_body* ([§15.2.6](classes.md#1526-class-body)).
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#### 15.2.2.1 General

A *class_declaration* may optionally include a sequence of class modifiers:

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```ANTLR
class_modifier
: 'new'

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| 'public'
| 'protected'
| 'internal'
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public override string ToString();
```

The method may be declared explicitly. It is an error if the explicit declaration does not match the expected signature or accessibility, or if the explicit declaration doesn’t allow overriding it in a derived type and the record class type is not sealed. It is an error if either provided, or explicitly declared, method doesn’t override `object.ToString()` (for example, due to shadowing in intermediate base types).
The method may be declared explicitly. It is an error if the explicit declaration does not match the expected signature or accessibility, or if the explicit declaration doesn’t allow overriding it in a derived type and the record class type is not sealed. It is an error if either the provided or explicitly declared method doesn’t override `object.ToString()` (for example, due to shadowing in intermediate base types).

Sealing an explicitly declared `ToString` method prevents the compiler from providing a `ToString` method for any derived record types. However, this does not prevent the compiler from providing `PrintMembers`.

The provided method:

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