feat(sdm): post-exec block executor; SDM warming inspector; SDM activation

[nonsense]

Fixes: #20174
Fixes: #20178
Fixes: #20179

---

This PR adds the SDM post-exec transaction plumbing across op-alloy, alloy-op-evm, op-reth, Kona proof execution, and custom-node extension points.

The branch introduces a OP transaction type 0x7D (TxPostExec) that carries a versioned PostExecPayload with per-transaction gas-refund entries. During payload production, the block executor can compute SDM warming refunds and append a final post-exec transaction. During replay, the executor can parse, verify, and apply an embedded post-exec payload so gas accounting, receipts, and fee settlement match the producer.

SDM is currently not scheduled. It does not activate with Jovian or Karst. Normal op-reth/Kona execution keeps SDM disabled by default. op-reth has an explicit --rollup.sdm-enabled integration-test override to exercise production, replay verification, and RPC receipt conversion paths.

Related: #20216

Main changes

• Add OP post-exec transaction type 0x7D and payload/validation helpers in op-alloy.
• Add SDM warming tracking via a composite inspector in alloy-op-evm - PostExecCompositeInspector<I>
• Add block executor modes: PostExecMode::Disabled, PostExecMode::Produce, PostExecMode::Verify.
• Apply canonical gas accounting, receipts, cumulative gas, and fee settlement when refunds are used.
• Append post-exec txs in the payload builder when the explicit SDM override is enabled and nonzero refunds exist.
• Parse/verify embedded post-exec payloads in op-reth replay, engine payload replay, RPC receipts, and Kona proof execution plumbing.
• Add custom EVM / custom transaction extension traits and update the custom-node example.
• Keep SDM disabled by default, including after Jovian/Karst.

Review checklist

1. Activation / rollout safety

• Confirm SDM is not tied to Jovian or Karst.
  • kona::RollupConfig::is_sdm_active returns false.
  • op-reth::OpEvmConfig::is_sdm_active_at_timestamp returns only sdm_enabled.
  • OpPayloadBuilderCtx::sdm_production_enabled returns only builder_config.sdm_enabled.
• Confirm default constructors keep SDM off.
  • OpEvmConfig::new / optimism: sdm_enabled = false.
  • OpBuilderConfig::new: sdm_enabled = false.
  • OpReceiptConverter::new: sdm_enabled = false.
• Confirm --rollup.sdm-enabled is documented as integration-test/experimental only.
• Confirm enabling the override is threaded consistently to:
  • payload production;
  • block replay / engine payload replay;
  • RPC receipt conversion.
• Confirm normal nodes reject any block containing 0x7D while SDM is disabled.

2. New op-alloy consensus symbols

Review file: rust/op-alloy/crates/consensus/src/post_exec.rs

• POST_EXEC_PAYLOAD_VERSION
  • Unknown versions rejected by payload decode.
• SDMGasEntry { index, gas_refund }
  • index semantics are block transaction index.
  • gas_refund must be nonzero in verifier payloads.
• PostExecPayload { version, block_number, gas_refund_entries }
  • block_number anchors hash/replay to containing block. It there for the purpose of uniqueness.
  • RLP layout is stable and covered by tests.
• ParsedPostExecPayload { tx_index, payload }
  • tx_index is the index of the post-exec tx.
• PostExecPayloadValidationError
  • Unexpected when disabled.
  • Multiple post-exec txs.
  • Not final tx.
  • Block-number mismatch.
• parse_post_exec_payload_from_transactions(...)
  • Single shared parser used by replay/RPC/Kona paths.
  • Takes explicit sdm_active boolean from caller.
• TxPostExec
  • Confirm tx behavior is correct:
    • zero gas limit;
    • zero value;
    • zero nonce;
    • canonical zero signer;
    • input is canonical payload RLP;
    • hash is deterministic over type byte + payload.
• build_post_exec_tx(...)
  • Uses current payload version.
  • Preserves block number and entries.

Related transaction/receipt envelope changes:

• OpTransaction::as_post_exec helper.
• OpTxEnvelope::PostExec variant.
• OpTypedTransaction::PostExec variant.
• OpTxType::PostExec variant.
• OpReceiptEnvelope / receipt handling for post-exec receipts.
• Network/pool handling rejects or excludes post-exec txs from unsupported paths.

3. New alloy-op-evm post-exec symbols

Review files:

• rust/alloy-op-evm/src/post_exec/mod.rs
• rust/alloy-op-evm/src/post_exec/inspector.rs
• rust/alloy-op-evm/src/lib.rs

New extension symbols:

• PostExecTxKind
  • Normal may claim refunds.
  • Deposit warms but cannot claim refunds.
  • PostExec cannot claim refunds.
• PostExecTxContext
  • Correctly carries tx index/kind into tracking.
• PostExecExecutedTx
  • Correctly exposes total refund for the last tracked tx.
• PostExecEvm trait
  • Minimal EVM-facing hooks: begin tracking / take result.
• PostExecEvmFactoryHooks
  • Check generic associated-type bounds are necessary and stable.
• PostExecEvmAdapter
  • Does not change ordinary EVM behavior except exposing post-exec hooks.
• PostExecEvmFactoryAdapter
  • Correctly wraps custom factories and forwards hooks.
• PostExecExecutorExt
  • Lets payload builder drain produced entries without depending on concrete executor.

Inspector symbols:

• SDMWarmingInspector
  • Tracks block-level warmed accounts/storage.
  • Initializes intrinsic/access-list/authorization warmth before opcode observations.
  • Deposits warm subsequent txs but never claim refunds.
  • Post-exec txs never claim refunds.
• PostExecCompositeInspector<I>
  • Preserves user inspector behavior.
  • Does not let SDM inspector synthesize call/create outcomes.
• Refund constants/semantics:
  • account re-warm refund;
  • SLOAD slot re-warm refund;
  • SSTORE slot re-warm refund.
• Protocol-level touches noted by OpEvm:
  • L1 fee recipient;
  • base fee recipient;
  • operator fee recipient after Isthmus.
• Fast path remains intact:
  • No inspector execution unless user inspection or post-exec tracking is active.

4. New alloy-op-evm block executor symbols / behavior

Review file: rust/alloy-op-evm/src/block/mod.rs

• PostExecMode
  • Disabled rejects 0x7D.
  • Produce collects entries and accepts builder-created post-exec tx.
  • Verify(PostExecPayload) verifies embedded payload.
• PostExecState
  • Tracks produced entries.
  • Tracks verifier remaining entries.
  • Tracks invalid initialization reasons.
  • Tracks whether post-exec tx was seen.
• PostExecAdjustment
  • Fee/gas settlement details are correctly applied.
• OpBlockExecutionError::InvalidPostExecPayload(String)
  • Error messages identify invalid payload cases.
• OpTxResult raw/canonical gas fields
  • Raw gas used remains EVM raw result.
  • Canonical gas used drives receipts/block gas.
• Disabled mode rejects post-exec txs.
• Produce mode:
  • starts tracking before each normal/deposit tx;
  • rejects refund > raw gas used;
  • records only nonzero ordinary tx refunds;
  • appends post-exec tx only via payload builder.
• Verify mode:
  • rejects duplicate payload indices;
  • rejects zero refund entries;
  • rejects deposits/post-exec tx as refund targets;
  • rejects refund > raw gas used;
  • rejects unconsumed entries at finish;
  • validates actual tx payload equals expected payload.
• Post-exec tx short-circuits before state changes and uses zero gas.
• Post-exec txs do not count toward Jovian DA footprint / blob gas used.
• Fee settlement debits/credits are balanced and underflow is fatal.
• Receipts use canonical cumulative gas.

5. New op-reth EVM symbols

Review files:

• rust/op-reth/crates/evm/src/lib.rs

• rust/op-reth/crates/evm/src/post_exec_ext.rs

• OpEvmConfig::sdm_enabled

  • Hidden field defaults false.
  • Cloned correctly.

• OpEvmConfig::with_sdm_enabled(...)

  • Integration-test override only.

• OpEvmConfig::is_sdm_active_at_timestamp(...) -> bool

  • const fn.
  • Ignores timestamp and returns override.

• ConfigureEvm::context_for_block

  • Uses shared parser.
  • Passes explicit override as sdm_active.
  • Maps parser errors to EIP1559ParamError::InvalidPostExecPayload.

• ConfigureEngineEvm::context_for_payload

  • Decodes txs to parse post-exec payload.
  • Uses shared parser and override.
  • Sets PostExecMode::Verify only when enabled and payload valid.

• ConfigurePostExecEvm trait

  • Explicit constructors for block replay and next-block production.
  • Generic bounds are not overly restrictive.

• PostExecEvmFactoryAdapter impl path

  • Custom factory support mirrors default OP EVM support.

6. op-reth payload builder symbols

Review files:

• rust/op-reth/crates/payload/src/config.rs

• rust/op-reth/crates/payload/src/builder.rs

• rust/op-reth/crates/primitives/src/transaction/mod.rs

• OpBuilderConfig::sdm_enabled

  • Defaults false.
  • new_with_sdm only explicitly enables it.

• OpPayloadBuilderCtx::sdm_production_enabled()

  • Returns only explicit override.

• build_post_exec_recovered_tx(...)

  • Builds recovered synthetic tx with canonical signer.

• try_include_post_exec_tx(...)

  • No-op for empty entries.
  • Aborts payload build if post-exec tx execution fails.

• Payload construction order:

  • execute sequencer txs;
  • execute best txs;
  • drain entries;
  • append post-exec tx if needed;
  • seal/finalize.

• BuildPostExecTransaction trait

  • Required methods are minimal.
  • Default OP signed tx implementation is correct.
  • Custom tx enums can implement it without leaking OP-specific concrete types.

7. op-reth node / RPC symbols

Review files:

• rust/op-reth/crates/node/src/args.rs
• rust/op-reth/crates/node/src/node.rs
• rust/op-reth/crates/rpc/src/eth/mod.rs
• rust/op-reth/crates/rpc/src/eth/receipt.rs
• rust/op-reth/crates/rpc/src/error.rs

Node config:

• RollupArgs::sdm_enabled
  • CLI name: --rollup.sdm-enabled.
  • Help text says experimental/integration-test-only.
• OpExecutorBuilder::sdm_enabled and with_sdm_enabled.
• OpPayloadBuilder::sdm_enabled and with_sdm_enabled.
• OpAddOnsBuilder::sdm_enabled and with_sdm_enabled.
• Wiring from RollupArgs reaches all three:
  • executor/EVM config;
  • payload builder;
  • RPC receipt converter.

RPC:

• OpEthApiBuilder::sdm_enabled and with_sdm_enabled.
• OpReceiptConverter::sdm_enabled and with_sdm_enabled.
• Receipt conversion uses shared parser with override.
• op_gas_refund is filled only from validated payload entries.
• OpEthApiError::InvalidPostExecPayload maps structural parser errors cleanly.
• Debug/witness paths remain consistent with updated EVM config behavior.

8. Kona / proof changes

Review files:

• rust/kona/crates/protocol/genesis/src/rollup.rs

• rust/kona/crates/proof/executor/src/builder/core.rs

• rust/kona/crates/proof/executor/src/errors.rs

• Kona client/proof call-site generic-bound updates.

• RollupConfig::is_sdm_active(...) always returns false.

• Unit test proves SDM remains disabled after Jovian/Karst.

• Stateless builder uses shared parser.

• Parser input comes from rollup config, so post-exec txs are rejected by default.

• ExecutorError::InvalidPostExecPayload(String) maps parser details into proof executor errors.

• New generic bounds needed for post-exec-aware EVM factory are justified and minimal.

9. Custom-node / downstream extension review

Review files:

• rust/op-reth/examples/custom-node/src/evm/alloy.rs

• rust/op-reth/examples/custom-node/src/evm/config.rs

• rust/op-reth/examples/custom-node/src/evm/executor.rs

• rust/op-reth/examples/custom-node/src/primitives/tx.rs

• rust/op-reth/crates/node/tests/it/builder.rs

• Custom EVM wrapper forwards PostExecEvm hooks correctly.

• Custom EVM config exposes explicit post-exec constructors.

• Custom executor implements/delegates PostExecExecutorExt.

• Custom transaction enum implements BuildPostExecTransaction.

• Uni custom precompile test uses PostExecEvmFactoryAdapter correctly.

• Added generic bounds do not make custom-node extension ergonomics too difficult.

10. Test / invariant checklist

• Unit tests cover TxPostExec encoding/decoding/hash behavior.
• Unit tests cover parser errors:
  • disabled/unexpected tx;
  • multiple txs;
  • non-final tx;
  • block-number mismatch.
• Unit tests cover verifier payload errors:
  • duplicate entry;
  • zero refund;
  • deposit target;
  • post-exec target;
  • refund > raw gas;
  • unconsumed entries.
• Unit tests cover disabled-mode rejection.
• Unit tests cover empty refund set skipping post-exec tx production.
• Unit tests cover post-exec tx production happy path and failure path.
• RPC test covers extracting op_gas_refund from embedded payload with override enabled.
• Kona test covers SDM disabled after Jovian/Karst.
• Clippy/doc tests pass after activation-disable changes.

High-risk areas to review extra carefully

1. Consensus encoding stability: RLP payload layout, typed tx hash, envelope variants.
2. Gas accounting: raw vs canonical gas, cumulative gas, block gas used.
3. State settlement: sender/recipient debits/credits and underflow handling.
4. Verifier strictness: no impossible refund payload should be accepted.
5. Activation safety: no Jovian/Karst path should accidentally accept/produce 0x7D without the explicit override.
6. Custom extensibility: new traits should be minimal and not overconstrain downstream custom EVMs/tx types.
7. Fast path performance: SDM-disabled execution should not force inspector mode.

---

TODO / questions to answer and review prior to merging:

• Behaviour: confirm that there is no change in behavior on develop with this PR.
• Behaviour: consensus activation (derived from chain spec / hardfork / rollup config) vs local flag (sdm_enabled); SDM should be disabled by default at every layer within this PR.
• SDM activation: confirm that sdm_enabled is propagated correctly across the codebase.
• SDM activation: define when SDM should be active (consensus)
• Sanity-check: should we keep sanity check for verifiers who re-run the block and reject it unless the embedded payload matches what they independently computed from the sequencer
• Policy refactor: support for multiple policies and structure - now or in a future PR?

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 0% with 1264 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 0.5%. Comparing base (31a7a78) to head (f041841).
⚠️ Report is 26 commits behind head on develop.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
rust/alloy-op-evm/src/block/mod.rs	0.0%	397 Missing ⚠️
rust/alloy-op-evm/src/post_exec/inspector.rs	0.0%	250 Missing ⚠️
rust/alloy-op-evm/src/lib.rs	0.0%	138 Missing ⚠️
rust/op-reth/crates/evm/src/post_exec_ext.rs	0.0%	110 Missing ⚠️
rust/op-reth/crates/evm/src/lib.rs	0.0%	107 Missing ⚠️
rust/alloy-op-evm/src/post_exec/mod.rs	0.0%	80 Missing ⚠️
rust/op-alloy/crates/consensus/src/post_exec.rs	0.0%	44 Missing ⚠️
rust/op-reth/crates/payload/src/builder.rs	0.0%	42 Missing ⚠️
rust/op-reth/crates/rpc/src/eth/receipt.rs	0.0%	13 Missing ⚠️
rust/kona/bin/client/src/fpvm_evm/factory.rs	0.0%	12 Missing ⚠️
... and 10 more

❗ There is a different number of reports uploaded between BASE (31a7a78) and HEAD (f041841). Click for more details.

HEAD has 26 uploads less than BASE

Flag	BASE (31a7a78)	HEAD (f041841)
cannon-go-tests-64	2	0
contracts-bedrock-tests	24	0

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           develop   #20213      +/-   ##
===========================================
- Coverage     76.0%     0.5%   -75.6%     
===========================================
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===========================================
- Hits          8029      326    -7703     
- Misses        2378    62970   +60592     
+ Partials       144        0     -144     

Flag	Coverage Δ
cannon-go-tests-64	?
contracts-bedrock-tests	?
unit	0.5% <0.0%> (?)

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Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
rust/kona/crates/proof/executor/src/errors.rs	0.0% <ø> (ø)
...na/crates/proof/proof-interop/src/consolidation.rs	0.0% <ø> (ø)
rust/kona/crates/proof/proof/src/executor.rs	0.0% <ø> (ø)
rust/op-alloy/crates/consensus/src/eip1559.rs	0.0% <ø> (ø)
...op-alloy/crates/consensus/src/receipts/envelope.rs	0.0% <ø> (ø)
...alloy/crates/consensus/src/transaction/envelope.rs	0.0% <ø> (ø)
...op-alloy/crates/consensus/src/transaction/typed.rs	0.0% <ø> (ø)
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rust/op-reth/crates/rpc/src/debug.rs	0.0% <ø> (ø)
rust/op-reth/crates/rpc/src/witness.rs	0.0% <ø> (ø)
... and 20 more

... and 644 files with indirect coverage changes

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[einar-oplabs]

This covers rust/alloy-op-evm/src/block/mod.rs

Continuing with the rest.

[einar-oplabs]

Good work!