docs: establish Robodog research programme and BFT comparator

[arena-ai-coding-agent]

Summary

• add an interactive BFT/type-augmented comparator under www/
• document the distinction between BFT agreement, evidence, truth, provenance, loss, and resource bounds
• establish a Robodog programme plan with workstreams and phase gates
• add a mathematical proof ladder for evidence refinement, compatible worlds, typed safety gates, resource bounds, and null-effect properties
• add an intake template for results from related research repositories

Safety and scope

This is documentation and educational visualisation only. It preserves the repository's simulation-first, defensive-use, non-operational boundary. The documentation explicitly avoids claiming that typed evidence replaces BFT or that authentication implies truth.

Validation

• git diff --check
• interactive visualisation served locally with Python HTTP server on port 4173

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