crustyimg

Make an image web-ready in one command. crustyimg web photo.jpg -o out.avif downscales, re-encodes to the smallest modern format that beats the downscaled image, and prints a real quality score. One Rust binary, no system libraries.

Beyond web it's a general image CLI: view, resize, convert, optimize, inspect, strip metadata, watermark, diff, and build responsive sets. Tell it the visual outcome you want (a quality target or a size budget) and it finds the smallest file that hits it. Set the look, not the number.

Try it in your browser

jysf.github.io/crustyimg: drop in a photo, watch it become AVIF, and read an SSIMULACRA2 quality score. It runs entirely in the browser (the Rust engine compiled to WebAssembly), so nothing is uploaded and there's nothing to install. It's the fastest way to see what crustyimg web does.

Why crustyimg

• Quality is measured, not guessed. web, optimize, and diff score the output with SSIMULACRA2, a perceptual metric, so "high quality" is a number you can gate on in CI.
• One static binary, pure Rust, no system libraries. No libvips or ImageMagick to install, no native Node addon to build. It's synchronous with no async runtime, so startup is instant and it drops straight into a shell pipeline or a CI step.
• web is one command to a web-ready file: downscale, strip metadata, re-encode to the smallest modern format that beats the downscaled image (AVIF for photos, lossless WebP or PNG for graphics), and report the score. For a keep-the-dimensions pass that is guaranteed never larger than the source, use optimize.
• Reads RAW files too — .dng, .cr2, .nef, .arw, and more — by extracting the camera's embedded full-res JPEG preview. That's not a RAW develop (no demosaic, no white balance), but it's enough to get a RAW straight into web or optimize; sharp and squoosh can't open these at all.
• Pipelines are recipes: tune one with edit --save-recipe, or start from a bundled web/gallery/product, then replay it in parallel across a batch with apply --recipe. The same recipe TOML runs in the browser demo too, via the wasm transform() binding.
• The same engine runs client-side in the browser via WebAssembly. That's the demo above.

Over a corpus of 8 real photos (0.7 to 47 MP), crustyimg web produced files a median 97% smaller in about one to five seconds each. Runtime barely changes across that size range because web downscales before it encodes. Reproduce it on your own photos with just bench --corpus /path/to/photos.

How does that stack up against sharp, ImageMagick, and squoosh at matched quality — where crustyimg wins and where it doesn't? See BENCHMARKS.md: an equal-quality, reproducible comparison (crustyimg isn't the smallest or the fastest, and the doc says so).

Install

cargo install crustyimg                                 # crates.io
brew install jysf/tap/crustyimg                         # Homebrew
cargo install --git https://github.com/jysf/crustyimg   # latest from git

Prebuilt binaries are on the Releases page. Building from a clone works too: cargo build --release puts the binary at ./target/release/crustyimg. To use crustyimg as a Rust library, cargo add crustyimg. See RELEASING.md for the versioning policy and release channels.

Feature notes

The view command (terminal image preview) and AVIF output are both on by default — a plain cargo install or release binary includes them. For a headless, smaller binary (CI / server / container), build without either:

cargo install --git https://github.com/jysf/crustyimg --no-default-features

Two additional codecs are opt-in (compile-time features):

Feature	What it adds
webp-lossy	Lossy WebP encode (libwebp, C dep) — by default WebP is lossless only
heic	HEIC/HEIF input via system libheif — local builds only, see below

Enable with --features webp-lossy at build/install time.

HEIC is opt-in and never in a released binary

crustyimg reads AVIF, SVG, and RAW out of the box, but not HEIC. HEVC — the codec inside a .heic — is covered by the Access Advance patent pool, and a copyright license of any kind grants zero patent rights; separately, the mature pure-Rust HEIC decoders are AGPL. Either blocker alone keeps HEIC off the default path, so no release binary, Homebrew bottle, or cargo install default can decode one. Running those on a .heic prints HEIC decoding isn't built into this crustyimg; convert the file to a supported format (JPEG, PNG, or WebP) first, or rebuild with --features heic and exits 4.

Easiest fix — pre-convert. crustyimg works in web/standard formats, so turn a .heic into one first, then run crustyimg on the result:

sips -s format jpeg photo.heic --out photo.jpg   # macOS, built in
magick photo.heic photo.jpg                       # ImageMagick, any OS

Building --features heic (below) is only needed if you want crustyimg to read .heic directly — for a one-off, pre-converting is faster.

If you accept those terms, build it yourself against a system libheif (≥ 1.17):

# macOS — Homebrew's libheif bundles its codec backends
brew install libheif

# Debian/Ubuntu — the HEVC decoder is a SEPARATE plugin package. Without it,
# libheif parses a .heic but fails to decode it ("Unsupported codec").
sudo apt-get install libheif-dev libheif-plugin-libde265

cargo build --release --features heic

Decode only — crustyimg never encodes HEIC. See docs/licensing.md for the LGPL attribution that a redistributed --features heic build carries, and decisions/DEC-052 for the full rationale.

Usage

Handy examples below; the complete reference (every command, flag, and exit code) is in docs/cli-reference.md. Or run crustyimg --help / crustyimg <cmd> --help. Every transform accepts a single file, a glob, a directory, or - (stdin); see Batch and Recipes below to run over many.

View & inspect

crustyimg view photo.jpg                     # display in the terminal (viuer)
crustyimg info photo.jpg                      # dimensions, format, size, color, EXIF/ICC presence
crustyimg info photo.jpg --exif               # dump EXIF tags
crustyimg info photo.jpg --json               # machine-readable JSON to stdout

Resize & thumbnail

crustyimg resize photo.jpg --max 1200 -o out.jpg   # bound the long edge (never upscales)
crustyimg resize photo.jpg --exact 800x600 -o out.jpg
crustyimg resize photo.jpg --percent 50 -o out.jpg
crustyimg resize photo.jpg --fit 800x800 -o out.jpg    # fit inside, keep aspect
crustyimg resize photo.jpg --cover 800x800 -o out.jpg  # fill + crop to exactly 800x800
crustyimg thumbnail photo.jpg --size 200 --square -o thumb.jpg

Make it web-ready

# The flagship: downscale (long edge ≤2048), pick the smallest modern format that
# beats the DOWNSCALED image (AVIF for photos, lossless WebP/PNG for graphics), strip
# metadata, and report the SSIMULACRA2 score. Size-insensitive — a 24 MP photo is as
# fast as a small one. The downscale is the contract, so an already-small source above
# 2048px can come back larger than the original (reported honestly as "N% larger"); for
# an unconditional never-bigger guarantee that keeps dimensions, use `optimize` below.
crustyimg web photo.jpg -o out.avif
crustyimg web photo.jpg --max 1200 -o out.avif    # override the downscale bound

# Keep the original dimensions (the byte-primitive): fast fixed-quality, never bigger.
# Off by default the score is skipped; add --verify to report it for this run.
crustyimg optimize photo.jpg -o out.avif
crustyimg optimize photo.jpg --verify -o out.avif

# Perceptual auto-quality: smallest file that still clears a visual target (JPEG/WebP)
crustyimg optimize photo.jpg --target high -o out.jpg
crustyimg optimize photo.jpg --ssim 85 -o out.jpg

# Byte budget: fit under a size, lowering quality then dimensions as needed
crustyimg optimize photo.jpg --max-size 200KB -o out.jpg

Convert formats

crustyimg convert photo.png --format webp -o out.webp   # PNG/JPEG/GIF/BMP/TIFF/ICO/WebP
crustyimg convert photo.jpg --format webp --max-size 150KB -o out.webp
crustyimg convert photo.jpg --format avif -o out.avif   # AVIF: built in by default

Auto-orient & metadata

crustyimg auto-orient photo.jpg -o fixed.jpg     # bake EXIF orientation into pixels, clear the tag
crustyimg meta strip photo.jpg -o clean.jpg       # remove ALL metadata (EXIF/IPTC/XMP/ICC)
crustyimg meta clean photo.jpg --gps -o nogeo.jpg # remove only GPS/location, keep the rest
crustyimg meta set photo.jpg --artist "Jane Doe" --copyright "© 2026" -o tagged.jpg
crustyimg meta copy --from original.jpg --to edited.jpg      # copy EXIF+ICC between images

Pixel-lane encodes drop GPS by default; pass --keep-gps to retain it.

Watermark

crustyimg watermark photo.jpg --image logo.png --gravity southeast --opacity 0.6 -o out.jpg
crustyimg watermark photo.jpg --image logo.png --tile --scale 0.1 -o out.jpg
crustyimg watermark photo.jpg --text "© crustyimg" --size 32 --color FFFFFF -o out.jpg

Compare (perceptual diff)

# SSIMULACRA2 score of b vs a; --fail-under makes it a CI visual-regression gate (exit 7 if below)
crustyimg diff original.jpg compressed.jpg --fail-under 70
crustyimg diff a.png b.png --json

Responsive image sets

# Width × format variants + a paste-ready <picture>/srcset snippet on stdout
crustyimg responsive hero.jpg --widths 320,640,1280 --formats webp,jpeg --out-dir web/

Batch (multiple files)

Pass many inputs (a list, a glob, or a directory) to any transform — multi-input runs require --out-dir, and --name-template controls output names ({stem}, {ext}):

crustyimg web *.jpg --out-dir web/                               # a glob
crustyimg convert photos/ --format webp --out-dir out/           # a whole directory
crustyimg thumbnail *.png --size 200 --square --out-dir thumbs/
crustyimg meta strip *.jpg --out-dir clean/ --name-template "{stem}_clean.{ext}"

Per-command fan-outs run sequentially; apply --recipe (below) is the parallel path (-j N, default = CPU count). A failed input in a batch doesn't abort the rest — the run exits 6 (partial batch) with a stderr summary.

Recipes

A recipe is an ordered pipeline of operations saved as TOML — tune it once, replay it anywhere. Three ship inside the binary, so there's no file to write for the common jobs:

Recipe	Pipeline
web	auto-orient → downscale long edge to 2048px → smallest modern format
gallery	auto-orient → downscale to 2560px → smallest modern format (full-bleed, lightbox)
product	auto-orient → downscale to 1600px → smallest modern format (cards, catalogue)

# Replay a bundled recipe across a batch, in parallel (-j workers, progress bar)
crustyimg apply --recipe web *.jpg --out-dir out/ --name-template "{stem}_web.{ext}" -j 8

Or tune your own on one image, save it, and replay that:

crustyimg edit hero.jpg --auto-orient --resize-max 1600 --save-recipe mine.toml
crustyimg apply --recipe mine.toml *.jpg --out-dir out/ -j 8

--recipe takes a path or a bundled name, and a real file always wins — a local web.toml unambiguously shadows the bundled web. The round trip is byte-stable: apply-ing a saved recipe reproduces the edit that wrote it byte for byte, so a recipe reviewed in a PR is exactly what runs in CI. The same TOML runs in the browser demo, via the wasm transform() binding.

To declare many source → output pairs in one file instead of one command per batch, use crustyimg build with a crustyimg.build.toml manifest — it adds a content-addressed cache, a lockfile, and --watch.

Going further: docs/recipes.md is the recipe cookbook — a copy-paste catalog of standard workflows (web prep, responsive, privacy, CI gates, bulk photography). recipes/ holds the bundled TOMLs and the recipe file format.

Piping (stdin / stdout)

# `-` reads stdin / writes stdout; all diagnostics stay on stderr so pipes are clean
crustyimg resize - --max 800 -o - < in.jpg > out.jpg
cat in.jpg | crustyimg convert - --format webp -o - > out.webp

Handy global options

-o/--output (- = stdout) · --out-dir · --name-template · -q/--quality · --format · -j/--jobs · -y/--yes (assume yes to overwrite) · -Q/--quiet · -v/--verbose · --keep-gps. Exit codes: 0 ok, 1 runtime error, 2 usage, 3 input not found, 4 unsupported format, 5 output refused, 6 partial batch, 7 check failed (e.g. diff --fail-under).

WebAssembly

The engine compiles to WebAssembly, and that's what runs the browser demo: the real web pipeline, client-side, with nothing uploaded. The same build ships as an npm package — crustyimg-wasm, no native addon, no postinstall, no dependencies:

npm install crustyimg-wasm

It runs in the browser and in Node. Note the edges: --target web needs an explicit init(), calls are single-threaded and blocking, and AVIF is encode-only (a .avif you pass in is decoded by the browser). You can also build the bundle from this repo with just wasm-build.

Shell completions

crustyimg can generate completion scripts for bash, zsh, fish, powershell, and elvish. Pipe the output into your shell's completion directory:

# zsh — add to your $fpath
crustyimg completions zsh > "${fpath[1]}/_crustyimg"

# bash — append to your completions file
crustyimg completions bash >> ~/.bash_completion

# fish
crustyimg completions fish > ~/.config/fish/completions/crustyimg.fish

# powershell
crustyimg completions powershell >> $PROFILE

# elvish
crustyimg completions elvish >> ~/.config/elvish/lib/completions.elv

Where to install the script is your (or your package manager's) step — the command writes the script to stdout only.

Continuous integration

crustyimg lint is a format-aware, no-URL, per-file image-asset linter — the pre-deploy check you run on assets//content/ in CI before anything is Lighthouse-able. It flags GPS/EXIF privacy leaks, over-budget and wrong-format assets, non-baked orientation, corrupt files and more, naming a runnable crustyimg fix for each and exiting 7 on any error-severity finding (a CI-native gate). Drop it into any CI in three lines:

GitHub Actions

The lint wrapper — installs crustyimg and annotates findings inline in the PR:

name: images
on: [pull_request]
jobs:
  lint-images:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: jysf/crustyimg-action@v1
        with:
          paths: assets content

Other inputs: mode: optimize re-encodes the tree instead of linting it, args passes extra flags straight to crustyimg (--select privacy, --config path), fail-level: warn|never controls what fails the job, and version pins a release tag instead of latest.

Or install the binary yourself with setup-crustyimg (generic — it enables optimize/convert/lint alike) and call it directly:

      - uses: jysf/setup-crustyimg@v1
      - run: crustyimg lint assets content        # exit 7 fails the job on an error finding
      - run: crustyimg optimize assets --out-dir dist   # (any crustyimg command works)

• jysf/setup-crustyimg — installs the CLI (via the checksum-verifying cargo-dist installer) on Linux/macOS/Windows.
• jysf/crustyimg-action — the lint/optimize wrapper with native PR annotations + a job-summary table.

pre-commit

The format-aware upgrade from check-added-large-files — lint image assets before they land, via .pre-commit-hooks.yaml:

repos:
  - repo: https://github.com/jysf/crustyimg
    rev: v0.4.0            # a crustyimg release that ships `lint`
    hooks:
      - id: crustyimg-lint

GitHub code-scanning (SARIF)

--format sarif emits SARIF 2.1.0 — upload it to put findings in the repo's Security tab (and inline in PRs) via GitHub code-scanning:

      - uses: jysf/setup-crustyimg@v1
      - run: crustyimg lint assets --format sarif > crustyimg.sarif
        continue-on-error: true          # let the upload run even when findings fail the gate
      - uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@v3
        with:
          sarif_file: crustyimg.sarif

Locally / any CI

The binary + its exit code is the whole contract — no Action required:

crustyimg lint assets content            # 0 clean · 7 error finding · 2 usage · 3 no inputs
crustyimg lint assets --format json      # machine-readable report for tooling
crustyimg lint assets --format sarif     # SARIF 2.1.0 for GitHub code-scanning
just lint-images assets content          # the same, via the repo's justfile recipe

Tune rules with a .crustyimg-lint.toml (select/ignore, per-rule severity, per-glob byte budgets, per-file-ignores); zero-config works out of the box.

Changelog & releases

• CHANGELOG.md — what changed in each version, in Keep a Changelog format. The [Unreleased] section tracks work merged since the last release.
• RELEASING.md — the versioning policy (SemVer; 0.x minor bumps may carry breaking CLI changes), the vX.Y.Z annotated-tag convention, and the release-cut checklist a maintainer follows to publish a new version.

License

crustyimg is dual-licensed under MIT OR Apache-2.0 — use whichever suits you. See LICENSE-MIT and LICENSE-APACHE.

---

Developing crustyimg

crustyimg is built with a spec-driven workflow (Claude plays every role — architect, implementer, reviewer — across separate sessions). The full contributor guide lives in docs/development.md; the agent conventions are in AGENTS.md.