feat: implement staging deployment pipeline with Docker support, auto…

.github/workflows/deploy-staging.yml

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+name: Deploy Staging
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+env:
+  REGISTRY: ghcr.io
+  IMAGE_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
+
+jobs:
+  build-and-deploy:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    environment: staging
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 2 # needed to get previous tag for rollback
+
+      - name: Set up QEMU
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+
+      - name: Extract metadata (tags, labels) for Docker
+        id: meta
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        with:
+          images: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
+          tags: |
+            type=sha,format=long
+
+      # In a real scenario, this would authenticate to a registry
+      # For Phase 0, we just build the image locally and tag it with the SHA
+      - name: Build Docker image
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
+        with:
+          context: .
+          load: true # load into local docker daemon
+          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
+          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
+          cache-from: type=gha
+          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
+
+      # We simulate the staging deployment locally on the GitHub Runner 
+      # since there's no remote target specified yet.
+      - name: Deploy to Staging (Runner)
+        env:
+          DATABASE_URL: ${{ secrets.STAGING_DATABASE_URL || 'postgresql://learnault:staging_password@localhost:5432/learnault_staging?schema=public' }}
+          JWT_SECRET: ${{ secrets.STAGING_JWT_SECRET || 'fallback-staging-secret' }}
+        run: |
+          echo "Actor: ${{ github.actor }}"
+          echo "Digest/Tag: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.version }}"
+
+          # We need to run the postgres db as a mock for staging
+          docker compose -f docker-compose.staging.yml up -d db
+          sleep 10 # Wait for db to initialize
+
+          # Run deployment
+          ./scripts/deploy-staging.sh ${{ steps.meta.outputs.version }}
+
+      - name: Run Smoke Tests
+        run: ./scripts/smoke-test.sh
+
+      - name: Handle Failure & Rollback
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          echo "Deployment or Smoke Tests failed. Initiating Rollback..."
+
+          # Get the previous commit SHA to rollback to
+          PREV_SHA=$(git rev-parse HEAD^)
+          PREV_TAG="sha-$PREV_SHA"
+
+          echo "Rolling back to tag: $PREV_TAG"
+
+          # Since this is a CI mock, we just run the rollback script
+          # In reality, this tag would be pulled from the registry
+          # We'll just build it to simulate
+          docker build -t ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}:$PREV_TAG .
+
+          ./scripts/rollback-staging.sh ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}:$PREV_TAG

config/staging.env.example

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+# Staging Environment Configuration Contract
+# This file documents the required environment variables for the staging deployment.
+# Values are injected by the CI/CD pipeline.
+
+PORT=5000
+NODE_ENV=staging
+STELLAR_NETWORK=testnet
+
+# The connection string for the staging database
+DATABASE_URL=
+
+# Secret for signing JWTs
+JWT_SECRET=

docs/RUNBOOK.md

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+# Staging Deployment Runbook
+
+This document details the processes and configurations for the Learnault API Staging Environment.
+
+## Overview
+
+The staging environment is deployed using an immutable Docker image digest. The deployment automates configuration validation, database migrations, readiness checks, smoke tests, and graceful rollbacks.
+
+## Deployment Pipeline
+
+1. **Build & Tag:** A new Docker image is built for every commit to `main` using a multi-stage `Dockerfile`.
+2. **Predeploy Checks:** The `deploy-staging.sh` script validates the environment configuration (`config/staging.env.example`).
+3. **Migrations:** Prisma migrations are applied *before* the application starts using the newly built image (`npx prisma migrate deploy`).
+4. **Deploy & Await:** The API container is deployed via Docker Compose and the script polls `/health` until readiness is confirmed.
+5. **Smoke Tests:** `smoke-test.sh` runs a suite of safe, read-only API tests (e.g., `/health`) to verify operational sanity.
+6. **Rollback:** If any step fails, the `rollback-staging.sh` script is triggered automatically to revert the API container to the *previous* immutable image digest.
+
+## Migration-Forward Policy
+
+**CRITICAL: We never rollback the database.**
+
+In the event of a failed deployment that included a bad database migration:
+1. The rollback script *only* reverts the API container to the previous image. 
+2. Because the schema cannot be safely rolled back in PostgreSQL without risking data loss, **the previous API version must be backward compatible with the new schema**, or the environment will remain broken.
+3. If the environment is broken, the engineering team must immediately write a *forward migration* (a new PR) to fix the schema or drop the problematic changes safely.
+
+### How to apply a fix:
+1. Create a new branch.
+2. Fix the broken logic or write a new Prisma migration (`npx prisma migrate dev --name fix_schema`).
+3. Merge the PR. The pipeline will automatically build a new image, run the new migration, and deploy.
+
+## Configuration (Secrets Contract)
+
+See `config/staging.env.example` for the list of required environment variables. These are typically stored in GitHub Secrets and injected during the CI/CD pipeline.
+
+## Manual Execution
+
+To rehearse the deployment locally:
+```bash
+# 1. Build an image
+docker build -t learnault-api:test-tag .
+
+# 2. Deploy
+export DATABASE_URL="postgresql://user:pass@localhost:5432/db"
+export JWT_SECRET="secret"
+./scripts/deploy-staging.sh test-tag
+
+# 3. Smoke Test
+./scripts/smoke-test.sh
+
+# 4. Rollback (Requires a previously built tag)
+./scripts/rollback-staging.sh old-tag
+```

scripts/deploy-staging.sh

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+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+
+echo "Starting Staging Deployment..."
+
+# Validate configuration
+if [ -z "$DATABASE_URL" ]; then
+  echo "Error: DATABASE_URL is not set."
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$JWT_SECRET" ]; then
+  echo "Error: JWT_SECRET is not set."
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+IMAGE_TAG=${1:-staging}
+echo "Deploying image learnault-api:$IMAGE_TAG"
+
+# Run safe Prisma migrations
+# Use the same image to ensure Prisma CLI matches the schema
+echo "Running database migrations..."
+docker run --rm \
+  --network host \
+  -e DATABASE_URL="$DATABASE_URL" \
+  learnault-api:$IMAGE_TAG \
+  npx prisma migrate deploy
+
+# Deploy immutable image
+echo "Deploying application containers..."
+export IMAGE_TAG
+docker compose -f docker-compose.staging.yml up -d
+
+echo "Awaiting readiness..."
+# Wait for health endpoint
+MAX_RETRIES=15
+RETRY_COUNT=0
+HEALTH_URL="http://localhost:5000/health"
+
+while [ $RETRY_COUNT -lt $MAX_RETRIES ]; do
+  if curl -s $HEALTH_URL | grep '"status":"ok"'; then
+    echo ""
+    echo "Application is ready!"
+    exit 0
+  fi
+  echo "Waiting for app to be ready... ($RETRY_COUNT/$MAX_RETRIES)"
+  sleep 2
+  RETRY_COUNT=$((RETRY_COUNT+1))
+done
+
+echo "Application failed to become ready in time."
+docker compose -f docker-compose.staging.yml logs api
+exit 1

scripts/rollback-staging.sh

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+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+
+PREVIOUS_IMAGE_TAG=$1
+
+if [ -z "$PREVIOUS_IMAGE_TAG" ]; then
+  echo "Error: PREVIOUS_IMAGE_TAG must be provided for rollback."
+  echo "Usage: ./rollback-staging.sh <previous_tag>"
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+echo "Initiating Rollback to image tag: $PREVIOUS_IMAGE_TAG"
+echo "Note: This uses a migration-forward policy. Database is NOT rolled back."
+
+# Deploy previous image
+export IMAGE_TAG=$PREVIOUS_IMAGE_TAG
+docker compose -f docker-compose.staging.yml up -d
+
+echo "Awaiting readiness after rollback..."
+# Wait for health endpoint
+MAX_RETRIES=15
+RETRY_COUNT=0
+HEALTH_URL="http://localhost:5000/health"
+
+while [ $RETRY_COUNT -lt $MAX_RETRIES ]; do
+  if curl -s $HEALTH_URL | grep '"status":"ok"'; then
+    echo ""
+    echo "Rollback successful. Application is ready!"
+    exit 0
+  fi
+  echo "Waiting for app to be ready... ($RETRY_COUNT/$MAX_RETRIES)"
+  sleep 2
+  RETRY_COUNT=$((RETRY_COUNT+1))
+done
+
+echo "Rollback application failed to become ready in time."
+docker compose -f docker-compose.staging.yml logs api
+exit 1

scripts/smoke-test.sh

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+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+
+echo "Running Smoke Tests on Staging..."
+
+API_URL="http://localhost:5000"
+
+echo "Testing /health endpoint..."
+curl -s -f "$API_URL/health" || { echo "Health check failed!"; exit 1; }
+
+echo ""
+echo "Smoke tests passed successfully!"