[WIP] - Add Codecov integration for unit test coverage

[anahas-redhat]

The Code Coverage Working Group—one of the four Quality WGs established earlier this year—is focused on identifying testing gaps to improve overall project reliability.

This PR serves as the first step in that process: configuring the kueue-operator with Codecov. In this initial phase, we are focusing exclusively on unit tests. Measurement for E2E tests will be integrated in a future iteration.

Changes in this PR:

• Configuration: Added codecov.yml with defined project/patch coverage thresholds and exclusion rules (vendor, upstream, generated, and test directories).
• Automation: Introduced hack/codecov.sh to execute unit tests with coverage profiling and upload results via the Codecov CLI
• Tooling: Added a make coverage Makefile target to provide a consistent entry point for both local development and CI pipelines.

A previous of current results (executed manually), can be checked here: https://app.codecov.io/github/openshift/kueue-operator

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✨ Finishing touches

🧪 Generate unit tests (beta)

• Create PR with unit tests
• Post copyable unit tests in a comment

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[openshift-ci]

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[openshift-ci]

@anahas-redhat: all tests passed!

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[psturc]

lgtm

[anahas-redhat]

/unhold