support back propagate debug handle to arbitrary ancestor export graph

[pytorchbot]

This PR was created by the merge bot to help merge the original PR into the main branch.
ghstack PR number: #12580 by @Gasoonjia
^ Please use this as the source of truth for the PR details, comments, and reviews
ghstack PR base: https://github.com/pytorch/executorch/tree/gh/gasoonjia/26/base
ghstack PR head: https://github.com/pytorch/executorch/tree/gh/gasoonjia/26/head
Merge bot PR base: https://github.com/pytorch/executorch/tree/main
Merge bot PR head: https://github.com/pytorch/executorch/tree/gh/gasoonjia/26/orig
@diff-train-skip-merge

[pytorch-bot]

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⏳ 32 Pending, 1 Unrelated Failure

As of commit 80c8ed8 with merge base 45846c8 ():

BROKEN TRUNK - The following job failed but were present on the merge base:

👉 Rebase onto the `viable/strict` branch to avoid these failures

• pull / test-phi-3-mini-runner-linux / linux-job (gh) (trunk failure)
  AttributeError: 'StaticCacheConfig' object has no attribute 'get'

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