Add transient state recording to QuamRoot

[nulinspiratie]

Summary

• Add transient-state bookkeeping and QuamRoot APIs for recording, inspecting, and reverting temporary runtime mutations.
• Hook transient recording into component, dict, and list writes while preserving parent/child relationships and detached-object behavior.
• Make QuamRoot.save() transient-aware so active transient values are reverted before persistence, with rollback if serialization fails.
• Add a tutorial page showing an executable superconducting-qubits calibration-style example.

Test Plan

• black --check quam/core/transient.py tests/quam_base/test_transient_state.py
• git diff --check
• python -m pytest tests/ -q
• mkdocs build

Notes

• get_transient_changes() reports changes as path, original, and transient.
• mkdocs build exits successfully with the repository's existing documentation warnings.