Allow merging all libcore/alloc doctests into a single binary

[jyn514]

This is only the changes needed to allow merging the tests. This doesn't actually turn doctest merging on in bootstrap. I think that might be a useful follow-up, since it makes them much faster to run, but it's not without downsides because it means we'll no longer be testing that doctests have all necessary feature() attributes.

The motivation for this change is to run the tests with -C instrument-coverage and then generate a coverage report from the output. Currently, this is very expensive because it requires parsing DWARF for each doctest binary. Merging the binaries decreases the time taken from several hours to ~30 seconds.

---

There are several parts to this change, most of which are independent and I'm happy to split out into other PRs.

• Upgrade process spawning logging from debug->info so it's easier to see, including in a rustdoc built without debug symbols.
• Core doctests now support being run with -C panic=abort. Ferrocene needs this downstream for complicated reasons; it's a one-line change so I figured it's not a big deal.
• Downgrade errors about duplicate features from a hard error to a warning. The meaning is clear here, and doctest merging often creates duplicate features since it lifts them all to the crate root. This involves changes to the compiler but generally I expect this to be low-impact.
  • Enable this new warning, as well as several related feature lints, in rustdoc. By default rustdoc doesn't lint on anything except the lints it manually adds.
• Rustdoc now treats allow(incomplete_features) as a crate-level attribute, just like internal_features. Without this, it's possible to get hard errors if rustdoc lifts features to the crate level but not allows.
• Core doctests now support being built with --merge-doctests=yes. In particular, I removed a few $crate usages and explicitly marked a few doctests as standalone_crate.

[rustbot]

Some changes occurred to the intrinsics. Make sure the CTFE / Miri interpreter
gets adapted for the changes, if necessary.

cc @rust-lang/miri, @RalfJung, @oli-obk, @lcnr

[rustbot]

r? @jdonszelmann

rustbot has assigned @jdonszelmann.
They will have a look at your PR within the next two weeks and either review your PR or reassign to another reviewer.

Use r? to explicitly pick a reviewer

Why was this reviewer chosen?

The reviewer was selected based on:

• Owners of files modified in this PR: compiler
• compiler expanded to 68 candidates
• Random selection from 13 candidates

[bjorn3]

Merging doctest would mean that we did no longer test that the set of features in doc tests are accurate, right? Those are visible to the user.

[jyn514]

Yes. That’s why this doesn’t actually switch on merging, as mentioned in the description.

[rustbot]

This PR was rebased onto a different main commit. Here's a range-diff highlighting what actually changed.

Rebasing is a normal part of keeping PRs up to date, so no action is needed—this note is just to help reviewers.

[jdonszelmann]

could you make this deny-by-default?

[jdonszelmann]

and change this

[rust-bors]

☔ The latest upstream changes (presumably #153278) made this pull request unmergeable. Please resolve the merge conflicts.