Fix potential crashes and unhandled exceptions in spark-intelligence-builder helpers (Batch 122)

[Ra229287]

This PR fixes bugs #3925 to #3929.

Packet

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    "type": "bug",
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    "title": "Potential unhandled crashes in spark-intelligence-builder helpers (Batch 122)",
    "actual_behavior": "Various helper functions in spark-intelligence-builder crashed with raw tracebacks when variables did not conform to expected formats.",
    "expected_behavior": "All helper functions should gracefully check parameter structures and parameter types, falling back to safe defaults without tracebacks.",
    "repro_steps": [
      "Pass invalid types to _latest_spawner_job_context in src/spark_intelligence/self_awareness/system_map_read_model.py",
      "Pass invalid types to _authority_status_context in src/spark_intelligence/self_awareness/system_map_read_model.py",
      "Pass invalid types to _authority_verdict_context in src/spark_intelligence/self_awareness/system_map_read_model.py",
      "Pass invalid types to _capability_garden_context in src/spark_intelligence/self_awareness/system_map_read_model.py",
      "Pass invalid types to _missing_trace_ref_sources in src/spark_intelligence/self_awareness/system_map_read_model.py"
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    "affected_workflow": "spark-intelligence-builder utility lifecycle"
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    "before_after_proof": "Before: raw traceback crashes. After: safe type validation guards prevent all tracebacks.",
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  "proposed_fix": {
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